Biology
- Which of the following describes the process of food moving through the intestines?
- Peristalsis
- Ileum translation
- Microvilli propulsion
- Flexure propulsion
Peristalsis is the wave-like contraction of smooth muscle that propels food through the GI tract. The other options aren’t recognized mechanisms of intestinal movement.
- Which of the following statements best describes the enzyme maltase?
- It breaks down lactose to glucose.
- It turns glucose into maltose.
- It breaks down maltose to glucose.
- It turns glucose into lactose.
Maltase is a brush-border disaccharidase in the small intestine that hydrolyzes the α-1,4 glycosidic bond in maltose, yielding two molecules of glucose.
Lactose is broken down by lactase, not maltase. Forming maltose or lactose from glucose is a synthetic process that does not involve maltase.
- High levels of bilirubin in the blood stream can result in which of the following?
- Uric acid overexposure
- Jaundice
- Bile salt production
- Hepatic mutation
Excess bilirubin in the bloodstream deposits in tissues and causes jaundice—a yellowing of the skin and sclerae. This can arise from hemolysis, impaired hepatic uptake/conjugation, or biliary obstruction.
- What are the two bones found in the area between the knee and ankle in humans?
- Femur and tibia
- Fibula and tibia
- Ulna and tibia
- Radius and tibia
The lower leg contains the tibia (medial, weight-bearing) and the fibula (lateral, slender). The femur is the thigh bone, and the radius and ulna are forearm bones.
Chemistry
- What does the symbol B stand for on the periodic table?
- Beryllium
- Boron
- Barium
- Berkelium
B stands for boron.
- What does the symbol Mn stand for on the periodic table?
- Magnesium
- Molybdenum
- Manganese
- Margon
Mn stands for manganese. Magnesium is Mg, molybdenum is Mo, and “margon” isn’t an element.
- What does the symbol Ca stand for on the periodic table?
- Calcium
- Carbon
- Cobalt
- Chlorine
Ca stands for calcium. Carbon is C, cobalt is Co, and chlorine is Cl.
- What does the symbol Br stand for on the periodic table?
- Beryllium
- Boron
- Barium
- Bromine
Br stands for bromine. Beryllium is Be, boron is B, and barium is Ba.
- Vinegar is another name for which acid?
- Acetic acid
- Acetone acid
- Sulfuric acid
- Ascorbic acid
Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid (about 5%). Ascorbic acid is vitamin C, sulfuric acid is a strong mineral acid, and “acetone acid” isn’t a thing.
- What kind of acceptor is a Lewis acid?
- Neutron-pair
- Proton-pair
- Electron-pair
- Ion-pair
A Lewis acid accepts an electron pair. By contrast, a Brønsted–Lowry acid donates a proton.
- What kind of reaction produces heat?
- Endothermic
- Exothermic
- Hydrogen
- Buffered
Exothermic reactions release heat to the surroundings, while endothermic reactions absorb it.
- Which of the following matches the definition below?
- Archimedes’ principle
- Charles’s law
- Boyle’s law
- Anderson’s theorem
Boyle’s law states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume (the product \(PV\) is constant). Charles’s law relates volume and temperature.
- The combination of sodium and chlorine to form NaCl is considered to be which kind of bond?
- Ionic
- Covalent
- Hydrogen
- Metallic
Sodium transfers an electron to chlorine, forming Na+ and Cl−. The electrostatic attraction between ions is an ionic bond (not covalent, hydrogen, or metallic).
- What are outer shell electrons known as?
- Hybrid electrons
- Valence electrons
- Vector electrons
- Transitional electrons
Outer-shell (valence) electrons drive bonding and reactivity. They largely determine an element’s chemical behavior.
- Which of the following matches the equation below?
- Archimedes’ principle
- Charles’s law
- Boyle’s law
- Anderson’s theorem
Boyle’s law is summarized by \(P_1V_1 = P_2V_2\) (at constant temperature and moles). Charles’s law instead relates volume to temperature.
Physics
- Forces can be indicated on graph paper by the use of _________.
- Empirical rules
- Interaction coefficients
- Variables
- Vectors
Forces have magnitude and direction, so they’re represented by vectors (arrows) on graphs.
- Which of the following is not considered a primary color of light?
- Green
- Blue
- Red
- Yellow
The additive primaries of light are red, green, and blue. Yellow is a secondary color (red + green).
- Which of the following is the unit of charge?
- Newton
- Coulomb
- Joule
- Watt
The SI unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C). A newton measures force, a joule measures energy, and a watt measures power.
- Which of the following is a device specifically designed to measure current?
- Ammeter
- Cyclotron
- Resistor
- Capacitor
An ammeter measures current. It’s placed in series and designed with very low internal resistance.
- What is the current flow of one coulomb per second?
- Ampere
- Joule
- Watt
- Kilowatt
One coulomb per second is one ampere.